AirstreamTour

Bidding a fond farewell to Alaska, Heinz and I traveled south through mile after mile of incredible yellow color…yellow trees, yellow shrubs, yellow grasses, interspersed with touches of red, orange, green, and blue. From Anchorage to Montana it was absolutely amazing. (I would like to extend thanks to Heinz and Pops for contributing photos to this blog entry.)

Traveling from Alaska to Colorado you just about have to pass through Watson Lake and Dawson Creek. And if you’re passing through, there are two stops you absolutely have to make. Stop number one is the Sign Post Forest in Watson Lake.

The Sign Post Forest began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942 when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the directional signposts for the local Army Airfield, and while completing the job he added a sign that indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown of Danville, Illinois. Others added their hometowns and the trend caught on. Over the years more and more travelers stopped to add a sign. In 1990, a couple from Ohio added the 10,000th sign in the Signpost Forest. Today, there are over 77,000 signs in the Forest, and the number grows each year as visitors from all over the world contribute signs and continue the tradition. The Town of Watson Lake maintains the site, adding more posts as they fill up.

The second stop is in Dawson Creek and is the Mile 0 marker for the Alaska Highway. Driving distance from Dawson Creek to Fairbanks is 1,488 miles.

The original marker for the highway was hit and destroyed by a driver in 1946. This one was erected in 1992 on the 50^th anniversary of the highway.

Heinz and I took 6 ½ days to make the 3,000+ mile drive from Anchorage, AK to Grand Junction, CO…whew. We were just a tiny bit tired when we got there. Four days after arriving we packed my dad into the rig and headed out again. This year he decided to spend the month of October traveling with us. Last spring he mentioned that he’d been to every state in the U.S. except five. Since four of them were in the northwest that’s the direction we headed to show him Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Montana, leaving Rhode Island as the last state he has left to visit. Hmm, maybe next fall.

Our first stop was Salt Lake City, Utah. Pops had been there years ago - as in passing through on a train while on military leave in 1943. Heinz and I decided that it probably didn’t count and we lined up a few of the sights to see.

The Salt Lake City Temple is literally the original center of the city. According to church history, within days of the July 1847 arrival of the first company of Latter-Day Saint pioneers, Brigham Young waved his hand over a spot of hard, dry ground, and announced that at that precise location they would build their temple.

Church leaders designated a 10-acre plot of ground as Temple Square, instructing surveyors to lay out the city on a grid pattern that would be square with the compass and with the temple in the middle. Original pioneers named streets according to their distance and direction from Temple Square - 600 South is six blocks south of Temple Square; 300 West is three blocks to the west, and so on.

In building the temple, workers painstakingly chiseled out huge granite blocks that weighed from 2,500 to 5,600 pounds each from Little Cottonwood Canyon, approximately 20 miles from the temple site. The blocks were then carefully transported to Temple Square, first by ox-drawn wagon and later by railroad. There, expert stonecutters carved the blocks to fit perfectly into place.

Most of the work was done by donated labor as pioneer men and women took time off from the backbreaking work of establishing their "Zion" to contribute their time, skills and materials to the temple project. The temple was completed in 1893, more than 40 years after construction officially began. Brigham Young did not live to see its completion.

With Salt Lake City being in the heart of Mormon country, our visit had to start at Temple Square and the building downtown. The square is still owned and maintained by the Mormon Church. It has the Temple, two Visitor Centers each featuring displays on Mormon history, the Church Tabernacle, the Family Research Library for genealogy, museums, historical homes, and several other Church buildings. The only building that tourists may not tour is the Temple itself as only "Temple recommended" members of the Latter Day Saints are allowed inside.

Salt Lake City Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Legend has it that Brigham Young originated the unusual design of the now-famous Tabernacle on Temple Square after contemplating a hollowed-out eggshell cracked lengthwise. Young wanted the Tabernacle roof to be self-supporting, without pillars or posts to obstruct audience views, so bridge-building techniques of the day were employed. Built with 60-foot tall arched timber trusses made of lattice timbers that span 150 feet, using steam to bend the massive beams and then adding weights at both ends. Construction of the Tabernacle lasted 12 years, from 1863 to 1875. The American Society of Civil Engineers now recognizes the building as an engineering milestone. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

The red sandstone for the Tabernacle's 46 supporting piers was quarried from Red Butte Canyon, east of Salt Lake City. Nearly 1.5 million feet of lumber was hauled from the Wasatch Mountains to complete the project.

Mormon Tabernacle. Yes, it is the home of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir.

The organ of the Tabernacle has 11,263 pipes made of wood, zinc, and various alloys of tin and lead.

We also peeked into the Utah State Capitol building and joined in on a tour. The building was constructed between 1912 and 1916, using granite from nearby Little Cottonwood Canyon. The dome is covered with Utah copper. There are 52 Corinthian columns. Throughout the grounds, on the building itself, and within the interior are countless beehive representations. The beehive is Utah's state symbol, representing the values of industry and cooperation.

Inside, the Capitol is divided into two wings, each lined by marble Ionic columns weighing 25,000 pounds, with the Supreme Court on the east end and the House of Representatives on the west. In the center is the 165-foot tall rotunda. The ceiling of the rotunda is beautifully painted with clouds and seagulls, paying tribute to the state bird. Twelve paintings lining the rotunda were a WPA project, painted elsewhere and then attached to the walls. The paintings depict scenes from the early history of the state.

Utah State Capitol building.

Beehive depiction on a door handle.

Painting on the rotunda wall depicting pioneers traveling to Utah.

Next, we took Pops over to the Tracy Aviary – a spot that Heinz and I enjoyed on our last trip to the city. In 1938, a visionary named Calvin R. Wilson became the manager of the new aviary that would be located in Liberty Park and populated with birds donated by a local banker by the name of Russell Lord Tracy. A park within a park, the Tracy Aviary is now located on 8 acres inside Salt Lake City's Liberty Park. Boasting about 400 birds, the aviary has narrow paths winding among tall trees and clusters of bird homes (homes? You know what I mean), which are interspersed with ponds and picnic areas.

Southern Ground Hornbill (South Africa)

Red-crested Cardinal (South America)

Supervising the cleanup…

And then I ran across these strange specimens that were identified as a mysterious migratory species.

Of course you can’t visit Salt Lake City without experiencing the Great Salt Lake and Antelope Island. The lake is the remnant of the prehistoric Lake Bonneville that covered more than 20,000 acres during the Ice Age. The current lake size is 75 miles long and 28 miles wide. Water flows into the Great Salt Lake via four rivers. The only outlet is evaporation, which leaves high concentrations of minerals. The lake is generally five times saltier than the ocean. Only brine shrimp, brine flies, and several types of algae survive in the waters, providing a food source for millions of migrating birds.

The Great Salt Lake from Antelope Island.

Antelope Island has more than 40 freshwater springs that support island wildlife and vegetation. Bison are the island’s most famous residents. Twelve animals were introduced to the island in 1893 and were the foundation for the 500-700 bison living on the island today. Other residents are the namesake pronghorn antelope, mule deer, and California bighorn sheep. Predators include coyotes, bobcats, badgers, and numerous birds of prey.

Checking us out.

Oh, relax… they’re just more of those pesky tourists.

Leaving Salt Lake City we decided to follow a squirrel and went to Promontory, Utah. You remember what happened there don’t you? Come on - think back to your history classes. This was the site of the joining of the transcontinental railroad on May 10, 1869. On that day two locomotives - Central Pacific’s Jupiter and Union Pacific’s No. 119 - pulled up to a one-rail gap left in the track. After a golden spike was symbolically tapped, a final iron spike was driven to connect the railroads. The Central Pacific had laid 690 miles of track across the Sierra Nevada range and the Mojave Desert. The Union Pacific had laid 1,086 miles across the open plains. The golden spike is now housed in the museum at Stanford University in California.

Reproduction of Central Pacific’s Jupiter.

Reproduction of Union Pacific’s No. 119.

Location of the last tie connecting the tracks.

Then it was on to Lava Hot Springs, Idaho. Yes, that’s the name of the town. We stopped there for the night so Pops could have his first encounter with natural hot springs. He loved it and informed us that if we could find another one along our route he wouldn’t be upset if we stopped. Unfortunately our route never took us quite near enough to hop into another one.

Pops and Heinz kicking back in the pool.

Boise, Idaho looked interesting so we dropped in for a bit. While there we took a tour of the State Capitol Building and Pops decided he wanted to see all the state capital buildings along our route.

In 1905, the Idaho legislature passed the bill authorizing construction of a new and improved Capitol Building. A local firm of architects was hired and began construction that same year. The central parts of the Capitol, including the dome, were built first, and completed in 1912. From 1919 to 1920 the wings holding the House and Senate chambers were constructed. Most of the structure is made of sandstone taken from Table Rock near Boise. Convicts from the old Idaho Penitentiary were responsible for transporting the 10-ton sandstone blocks from the quarry to the construction site. Almost all of the interior of the building is marble, red from Georgia, gray from Alaska, green from Vermont and black from Italy.

Idaho’s Capitol Building is the only one in the United States heated by geothermal water. The hot water is tapped and pumped from a source 3,000 feet underground.

Idaho State Capitol Building.

Columns of Alaskan marble.

Rotunda floor with all four marbles.

Rotunda ceiling.

Speaking of convicts from the old Idaho State Penitentiary - we drove over to check it out. This prison opened in 1872 and closed 101 years later. The site was selected because of its proximity to the growing agricultural center in Boise and to the sandstone available nearby. Inmate laborers built the buildings on site. The penitentiary grew from a single cell house into a complex of several buildings holding Idaho’s most notorious criminals. Ironically it shares space on the National Register of Historic Places with the Tabernacle.

Over the years the prison housed 13,000 inmates with a maximum of 603 at any given time. The youngest inmates were a 10 y/o who served one year for killing a man, and an 11 y/o serving nine years for shooting his mother. The oldest inmate was an 81 y/o who served three years for cattle rustling. The prison also housed 222 women over the years.

Guard tower at the penitentiary.

Cell house reflected in the windows of another cell house.

From Boise we traveled west to Oregon, another state crossed off the list for Pops. We headed to the southern end of the state to show him Crater Lake. The lake is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. It partly fills a nearly 2,148 foot deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake. Evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years.

Crater Lake with Wizard Island in the foreground. Wizard Island is a cinder cone formed before the lake filled.

Pops and me at Crater Lake.

Phantom Ship Island. This tiny island has seven different types of trees, colonies of violet green swallows, and several varieties of wildflowers and lichens living on it.

We soon turned the rig northward and set our sights on Salem & Portland, Oregon. Salem is the state capitol so we HAD to stop and see capitol building number three. Unfortunately it was a Saturday and the building was closed – so we toured the exterior and grounds. The building was constructed from 1936-1938 and is the third to house the Oregon state government. Two former buildings were destroyed by fire, one in 1855 and the other in 1935. New York architects Trowbridge and Livingston designed the marble building in an Art Deco style. The Public Works Administration partially financed the construction in order to keep construction crews employed during the Great Depression.

Throughout the grounds are native trees and shrubs, including blue spruce, Oregon-grape, giant Sequoia, coastal Redwood, Japanese maple, several Dogwood species, Bradford pear, Cherry tree species, English holly, rhododendron and magnolia tree species. One Douglas fir tree was grown using a seed that rode aboard Apollo 14 to the Moon in 1971 and was transplanted to the capitol in 1976 from Oregon State University.

Oregon State Capitol Building, Salem, OR.

The figure atop the dome represents the “Oregon Pioneer”. It is an 8½-ton, 22-ft. high bronze statue with gold leaf finish.

Pops standing next to two partial columns from the second capitol building that have been placed on the lawn of the current building.

Heinz standing by a coastal redwood growing on the building grounds.

We didn’t stay long in Portland, but got a chance to show Pops some sights he said he’s heard of all his life, but never thought he’d see. Our first stop wasn’t on his list, but we just had to take him to Voodoo Doughnuts. You may remember me raving about this place back in the spring. Well, the doughnuts are just as good in the fall!

Pops holding his choice…a banana-chocolate chip-peanut butter-caramel fritter! It took him three meals, but he eventually finished it - what a trooper!

Next on the agenda was a drive across the border into Washington to see Mt. St. Helens. I’m sure everyone’s heard of the May 1980 eruption that collapsed the north face of the mountain, sending rock debris, ice, ash, and slurries of mud and rock hurtling down the mountain. The volcano continued to erupt until 1986, quietly building a lava dome. How many of you knew that the latest series of eruptions of Mt. St. Helens occurred as recently as 2008? I didn’t until this trip.

In October 2004 the volcano began to erupt again with more than 1,000 small earthquakes per day and steam and ash eruptions. A new lava dome rose from the crater floor and grew continuously at a rate of more than a dump truck load of lava per second. This extrusion of mostly gas-free, semi-solid lava continued until February 2008. During the 3-year-long eruption, a total of 92 million cubic meters (36,000 Olympic swimming pools) of lava was released onto the crater floor. Together the 1980-1986 and 2004-2008 lava domes have replaced about 7% of the volume lost in the May 1980 eruption.

Mount St. Helens from the Johnson Observatory Visitor Center - 5 miles from the crater.

Pops picking up a lava rock and finding out it’s a tad heavier than it looks.

The next morning we headed down to the Columbia River and its Gorge. Up to 4,000 feet deep, the canyon stretches for over 80 miles as the river winds westward through the Cascade Range, forming the boundary between Washington and Oregon. The gorge transitions from an area with 100 inches of annual precipitation, to an area with only 10 inches of annual precipitation in its 80 miles of travel. This creates a wide range of ecosystems from the rain forest on the western end, to grasslands on the eastern end. Along the way we stopped in at the Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center Museum. The museum tells the story of the geologic history and the people who have inhabited this region.